Diabetic foot ulcers are frequently difficult to treat for a number of reasons: diminished ability of the body to fight infections and heal; polymicrobial colonization of wounds; poor glycemic control; neuropathy and vasculopathy. Vasculopathy occurs at visible and occult levels and is a frequent reason for lost tissue in limbs and ultimately limb amputation. […]

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  These images belong to a 48-year-old woman with insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes and long history of heavy cigarette smoking, who was referred to my interventional radiology clinic because of new pain in her left foot that substantially limited her life style, associated with color change. Her diabetes was uncontrolled and the pain seemed neuropathic […]

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Key: LVA, left vertebral artery; LSCA, left subclavian artery; LCCA, left common carotid artery; LIMA, left internal mammary artery. The vertebral artery is the first branch of the subclavian artery and supplies the hindbrain, while the internal mammary artery is its second branch and courses behind the anterior chest wall to anastomose with the ipsilateral […]

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Top panel: Pre-intervention run-off angiogram of the left lower extremity showing, from left to right, irregular left common femoral artery (LCFA) arrowed on the 1st image, absent left superfical femoral artery (LSFA) or any bypass conduit on the 2nd image, sketchy descending collaterals from the left deep femoral (LDFA) that reconstitute a faint shadow of […]

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